What are the requirements for railway sand/standards for railway sand
What are the requirements/standards for railway sand? The railway sand has different requirements in terms of particle shape, stone powder content, particle size grading sand, etc. It is mainly used in the masonry of buildings and structures such as permeable fillers, subgrade, bridges and culverts, tunnels, houses, etc. in railway engineering construction. Therefore, the amount of sand is quite large. However, when the problems of large demand, small resources and high quality requirements emerge, seeking alternative solutions to solve the problem of sand use becomes an important topic. In the railway survey in mountainous areas, it is often encountered that the local natural sand is scarce but the stone resources are abundant. In this case, it can be considered to use hard rock, after blasting and mechanical rolling, to produce machine-made sand with a certain grain size grading to replace natural sand and apply it to concrete masonry.
What are the requirements/standards for railway sand? Machine made sand is made of limestone, dolomite, granite, basalt and other hard rocks by blasting and mechanical rolling. The grain shape, stone powder content and grain gradation of machine-made sand affect the workability, strength, anti shrinkage and wear resistance of concrete.
Grain shape
As machine-made sand is rolled from crushed stone, its surface is rough and its particle shape is irregular, mostly angular or flaky particles. Different particle shapes of machine-made sand have a great impact on the workability of concrete. For example, the workability of concrete mixed with flaky particles is poor, and the ideal particle shape is similar to that of a cube.
Stone powder content
Stone powder refers to fine powder less than 0.08mm. When mixing concrete, a proper amount of stone powder in machine-made sand can improve the strength and workability of concrete. Generally, the stone powder in machine-made sand can be controlled within 7%.
Grain gradation
Poor grain grading of machine-made sand will cause poor workability and segregation of mixed concrete. Therefore, machine-made sand particles larger than 5mm in concrete shall be limited to 20%.
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