What are the commonly used crushing machines? Detailed introduction to the functions of mining crushing equipment
In the mining and aggregate industry, various types of crushing equipment are used to reduce the size of materials, whether it's coal, salt, iron ore, gold, concrete, or any other raw material. The process of crushing material typically involves reducing the size by impact or pressure. Here are some commonly used crushing machines and their functions:
1. **Jaw Crusher**:
- Functions: A jaw crusher is typically used as the primary crusher in a crushing circuit. It is designed to handle large rocks, ore, and other materials and reduce them to smaller, more manageable sizes.
- Introduction: The machine works by using compression to break materials between a moving jaw and a stationary jaw. It is a reliable and effective method for reducing a variety of materials.
2. **Cone Crusher**:
- Functions: Cone crushers are suitable for medium to fine crushing of various materials, including both mineral and non-mineral materials. They are widely used in the mining, construction, and aggregate industries.
- Introduction: The cone crusher operates by squeezing the material between an eccentrically gyrating cone and a fixed bowl. The conical shape of the crushing surface helps to reduce the size of the material.
3. **Impact Crusher**:
- Functions: Impact crushers are ideal for shaping applications and are often used in the final stages of the crushing process. They are used for materials that require a more cubical shape.
- Introduction: The impact crusher crushes materials by impacting them with a rotating hammer or impeller, resulting in a higher reduction ratio compared to compression crushers.
4. **Hammer Crusher**:
- Functions: Hammer crushers are mainly used in industries such as cement, coal, power, chemical, and metallurgy for intermediate and fine crushing of materials with middle hardness or brittle materials.
-Introduction: The hammer crusher uses a high-speed rotating hammer and the collision between the hammer and the material.
5. **Roll Crusher**:
- Functions: Roll crushers are typically used for smaller tonnage applications and can be designed for either a fine or coarse crushing action. They are often used in coal and salt mining industries.
- Introduction: The material is crushed between two cylindrical rolls that are rotated in opposite directions. The gap between the rolls can be adjusted to control the particle size.
6. **Screens**:
- Functions: Screens are used to separate the particles in the crushed material into different sizes. They are an essential part of the process to ensure that the material meets the required specifications.
- Introduction: Screens can be static or vibrating, and they use a woven mesh or perforated plate to separate particles based on size.
7. **Feeders**:
- Functions: Feeders are used to supply material to the crushers in a controlled manner. They ensure a steady flow of material and can handle variations in feed size and rate.
- Introduction: Feeders can be belt conveyors, vibrating feeders, or other types, and they help to regulate the feed rate to the crushers to optimize the crushing process.
8. **Sizers**:
- Functions: Sizers are used for primary or secondary crushing of large lumps of material. They are particularly effective for soft to medium hard materials.
- Introduction: Sizers work by compressing the material between a moving conveyor belt and a fixed frame, resulting in a consistent product size.
Each type of crushing equipment has its advantages and limitations, and the selection of the appropriate equipment depends on factors such as the type of material, desired particle size, throughput requirements, and environmental considerations. Properly selecting and maintaining mining crushing equipment is crucial for achieving efficient and economic production in the mining and aggregate industries.