Working principle and hammer head wear mechanism of hammer crusher

Hammer crusher, also known as hammer mill, is an important piece of equipment forcrushing medium-hardness and brittle materials. It is widely used in industries such as mining, construction, road building, and waste recycling. The working principle and wear mechanism of the hammer head in a hammer crusher are as follows:

**Working Principle of Hammer Crusher:**

1. Feed Material: The feed material is introduced into the crushing chamber of the hammer crusher. The chamber is typically a circular or semi-circular enclosure where the hammers are mounted on a rotor.

2. Rotation: The rotor is driven by an electric motor, which causes the hammers to rotate at a high speed, typically between 300 to 1000 rpm. The speed at which the hammers rotate is crucial as it affects the size of the product and the efficiency of the crushing process.

3. Crushing Action: As the rotor spins, the hammers strike the feed material with high velocity. The force of these impacts breaks the material into smaller pieces. Additionally, the hammers slam against a series of blow bars or screens, further reducing the size of the material.

4. Particle Size Reduction: The smaller pieces of material are then either ejected out of the crusher through the bottom opening or continue to be beaten by the hammers until they reach the desired size.

5. Discharge: The crushed material is discharged from the crushing chamber through a conveyor or chute.

**Hammer Head Wear Mechanism:**

1. Impact: The hammers in a hammer crusher are subject to high-impact forces as they strike the feed material. This repeated impact can cause the hammers to wear down over time, especially at the point of contact with the material.

2. Abrasion: As the hammers strike and break the feed material, smaller particles can act as abrasives and wear away the surface of the hammers. This abrasive wear is particularly significant when dealing with materials that contain hard particles or when handling abrasive materials like gravel or certain ores.

3. Erosion: The high-speed movement of the hammers can also cause erosion of the hammer heads. Erosion occurs when the material is forcefully removed from the surface of the hammers due to the impact and velocity.

4. Material Composition: The wear rate of the hammer heads can also be influenced by the composition of the materials being crushed. For example, softer materials may cause faster wear, while harder materials can lead to more significant wear on the hammers.

5. Maintenance: To mitigate wear, regular maintenance is necessary, which includes inspecting and replacing worn-out hammers. The frequency of maintenance and the type of hammers used can impact the overall wear rate.

6. Design: The design of the hammers and the crusher chamber can also affect wear. Well-designed hammers with appropriate hardness and shape can distribute the forces of impact more evenly and reduce the rate of wear.

To maximize the service life of hammer crushers and minimize downtime, it is essential to use high-quality hammers made from durable materials and to implement regular maintenance schedules.